Both characters in this image effectively have the same point size (because the blocks on which they are cast have the same height). In the days of metal type, things were clearer, the point size (or the em square) was the size of the metal block that the type was cast onto, these were all the same height for a given point size, but all that did was define the size of the block, not the print the block could have had very small letters that would only fill half the block or it could have large letters that would fill all of it ( Figure 3.11). The point size of a font character is the height of a rectangle containing the character. For most fonts, ascenders and descenders are of a similar height with, generally, the descenders being if anything, slightly shorter.
Lowercase letters with descenders (g, j, p, q and y) descend below the baseline (generally only j and some stylised fs have both ascenders and descenders). It is also true that ascenders needn’t reach the height of a capital letter (compare the height of the Hh and Tt in this Equity font, the lower case t does not reach the same height as the capitals - unlike the h which exceeds it) it’s clearer with a larger point size: The ascenders on lower case letters can exceed the height of a capital letter (it depends on the font) hence separate cap lines and ascender lines. Lowercase letters with ascenders (b, d, f, h, i, j, k, l and t) extend above the mean line up to the ascender line. Lowercase letters, without ascenders or descenders (a, c, e, m, n, o, r, s, u, v, w, x and z) reach from the baseline to the mean line (although it isn’t actually the average of anything) and this is referred to as the x-height. Other lower case letters like h and b have parts that extend up to the height of capital letter, these are called ascenders. Lower case letters like p and g have parts that descend below this line and these are called descenders.
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I wanted good looking fonts that weren’t overused, fonts that were flexible and fonts that I could readily convert to a web font so that browsers could download them and use them to display the web page as I intended.Īll letters are on a baseline this is where the bottom of any capital letter rests. I could have just relied on the system fonts installed on every PC, but this isn’t ideal either, different systems have different fonts Macs have different system fonts to PCs - and if a specified font is not installed a browser will just use a font that it thinks is similar. The problem with Google fonts is that I struggled to find fonts that I really liked, and the ones that I did find acceptable where used absolutely everywhere and I wanted the site to stand out from other sites.
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It is perfectly possible to use fonts that you don’t have to pay for, Google fonts for example, or the fonts that came with your computer, these are essentially free too.
The Equity fonts also come in a variety of weights allowing differing degree of boldness to be used under different circumstances. The Equity fonts are well equipped for a start they come with proper Small Caps, they also have various stylistic sets that allow certain characters to be adapted according to taste (displaying an ampersand as & or & for example). These fonts were not free, I had to buy them - but as my old Dad used to say, “ Tha gets what tha pays for” (he also used to say “ I, ’trick is not to mind”, “ Tha’ll never see a farmer on a bike” and “ Remember lad, tha didn’t invent sex”) and it’s true (all of it - wise old bird my Dad).
So why have I chosen these fonts? - Well, only because I like them, they seem to complement each other and the weights of the fonts (how dark they are) match (you can see this in Table 3.1 above, the Equity fonts on the left look better together than the Times, Arial and Courier combination on the right.